The computer knows only two states: power on / power off — 1 and 0. Everything else is combinations: letter A = 01000001, a pixel = 24 bits of color, a photo = millions of pixels, a video = 25 photos a second. Counting binary is easy: 1, 10, 11, 100, 101 — each place doubles (1, 2, 4, 8, 16).

• ●1010 (binary) = 8 + 2 = 10 (decimal)
• ●Text: ASCII/Unicode encodes letters as numbers
• ●Emoji 😀 is also a number (U+1F600) in Unicode