Phone and camera: exposure in 10 minutes

Photography is light. The exposure triangle: ISO (sensitivity — higher = brighter but noisy), shutter speed (short freezes motion, long blurs it), aperture (f/1.8 blurs the background, f/11 sharp throughout). A smartphone does it all, but Pro mode unlocks manual control. First rule: clean the lens — half of "bad" photos are a smudge.

• ●ISO 100 = daylight and clean; ISO 3200+ = evening and grain
• ●1/1000 s freezes sport; 1/30 — silky flowing water
• ●f/1.8 = portrait with bokeh; f/8–f/11 = sharp landscape