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课程 3 · 年级 12+
Candles, soap and cosmetics: kitchen chemistry
📖 课程
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🎯 测验——选择翻译
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✅ 本课已完成
Candles: paraffin vs soy/stearin wax — soy burns cleaner and longer. Wick by diameter: thin wick in a wide candle = "tunnel", thick in a narrow one = soot. Soap: cold melt-and-pour base (safe start) vs hot process with NaOH (lye — goggles and gloves mandatory!). Selling cosmetics in the EU is regulated: the Cosmetics Regulation requires a PIF dossier and a responsible person — fine for a hobby, needs work for Etsy. Candles are simpler: safety norms plus labelling.
- ●Melt-and-pour base: melts like chocolate, colour+scent, done
- ●Never water into NaOH! Always: lye → into water, never reversed
- ●Selling cosmetics = PIF plus a responsible person, else a warning letter
🕯 The candle is Germany’s favourite DIY: every second Advent wreath at markets is homemade. Wax prices rise ~20% in December.