Orthography: checkable vowels & consonants

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Rule #1: check an unstressed vowel by stressing it — молоко́ → мо́локо. No check: dictionary word („собака“ — just learn it). A paired consonant is checked by a following vowel: ду́б → дубы́. Uncheckable: срдце, здравствуй — memorize. Participles spell together/apart by meaning, not sound.

●не with verbs — separate: не пришёл, but негодовать (exc.)
●-tsya/-t’sya: what does? → спит; what to do? → спать
●ZHI-SHI with I, CHA-SHCHA with A, CHU-SHCHU with U — no check

✏️ The longest „dictionary word“ in school is „здравствуй“: 4 silent checks. The most dangerous: „звонит“ — stress on O, and even news anchors check it.

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