Punctuation: where the commas go

Russian punctuation follows structure, not pauses. Three iron rules: 1) homogeneous parts with AND, BUT — comma on repetition or „но“; 2) complex sentences — comma between parts („Когда пришёл поезд, мы ушли“); 3) adverbial participles — commas both sides („Идя по улице, я читал“). Direct speech — dash and guillemets.

• ●„Execute impossible pardon“ — the comma decides life
• ●Particles БЫ, ЛИ, ЖЕ — no comma; „однако“ — with one
• ●Dash between subject and predicate: Москва — столица