Nebenkosten: was der Vermieter umlegen darf
Costs the landlord may pass to you (§2 BetrKV):
Allowed: property tax, water/sewage, heating, hot water, garbage, caretaker, stairwell cleaning, garden, elevator, cable TV, insurances.
NOT allowed: repairs, maintenance, admin fees.
Important: only what's explicitly listed in the contract.
Your rights: view receipts, billing max 12 months after period, objection within 12 months.